Modeling and Analysis of speed tuning of a PMSM with presence of crack using genetic algorithms

[EN] In this article, we propose the continuous system model corresponding to the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with the presence of degradation in the rotational inertia of the rotor through the fissure mechanism, which allows the estimation of the physical parameters. We consider the diameter of the split on the rotor in the analysis of the model, and in effect, the decrease of the uncertainty of the PMSM model. The closed- loop identification of the gains is achieved by a sensibility analysis, whilst the gains obtained by the computational optimization method of search through genetic algorithms, allows the proposed model converge to the reference model.[ES] En el presente artículo se propone el modelado del sistema continuo correspondiente al motor síncrono de imanes permanentes (MSIP) con presencia de degradación en la inercia rotacional del rotor, mediante el mecanismo de fisura, lo cual permite la estimación de parámetros físicos, en el caso de análisis, el diámetro de la grieta presente en el rotor, disminuyendo con ello la incertidumbre en el modelado del MSIP. Se lleva a cabo la identificación en bucle cerrado de las ganancias mediante un análisis de sensibilidad, donde mediante el método computacional de optimización de búsqueda por algoritmos genéticos se obtienen las ganancias que logran converger el modelo propuesto al modelo de referencia.Este trabajo ha sido realizado gracias al apoyo de la beca otorgada por el consejo nacional de ciencia y tecnología (CONACYT) con número de asignación 622392, la Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo (UPT) y la Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial (RIAI), sin cuyo apoyo académico, económico y motivacional no habría podido desarrollarse el presente escrito, nuestro mayor reconocimiento y agradecimiento a todas las personas que se encuentran detrás de los citados organismos e instituciones.Manilla Garcia, A.; Rivas Cambero, I.; Monroy Anieva, J. (2019). Modelado y Análisis de Sintonización de Velocidad de un MSIP con Presencia de Fisura Mediante Algoritmos Genéticos. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática. 16(2):190-199. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9767SWORD19019916

Proposal of model of current consumption variation of an MSIP due to the effect of imbalance due to the presence of surface cracks in the rotor

[EN] This article proposes a model to characterize the current variation in terminals of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (MSIP) as a result of the imbalance effect on the rotor due to a surface crack. The imbalance in the rotor is modeled using the Laval equations with the effect of the surface crack. A model of the air gap variation effect is proposed based on this imbalance, which causes a variation in the inductances of the MSIP model, which in turn causes a variation in current consumption. With this model it is expected to contribute in the field of determination of  hysical parameters, in this case, cracks or imbalances caused by imperfections that behave as such.[ES] En el presente artículo se propone un modelo para caracterizar las variación de corriente en terminales de un motor síncrono de imanes permanentes (MSIP) como consecuencia del efecto de desbalance en el rotor a causa de una grieta superficial. Se modela el desbalance en el rotor mediante las ecuaciones de Laval con acoplamiento del efecto de la grieta superficial. Se propone un modelo de efecto de variación del entrehierro a partir de este desbalance, lo cual origina una variación en las inductancias del modelo del MSIP, que a su vez ocasionan una variación en el consumo de la corriente. Con este modelo se espera contribuir en el campo de determinación de parámetros físicos, en este caso, grietas o desbalances causados por imperfecciones que se comporten como tal.Este trabajo es desarrollado bajo el programa de Doctorado en Optomecatrónica de la Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo (UPT) en apoyo económico brindado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) mediante la beca número 622392, y publicado gracias a la labor y trabajo de los miembros de la Revista de Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial (RIAI).Manilla-García, A.; Rivas-Cambero, I.; Guerrero-Rodriguez, NF. (2020). Propuesta de modelo de variación de consumo de corriente de un MSIP por efecto de desbalance por presencia de grietas superficiales en el rotor. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 17(4):424-431. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2020.12200OJS424431174Arana J. L., González J. J., 2011, Mecánica de la fractura, Servicio editorial de la universidad del País Vasco, página. 186.Bachschmid N., Pennacchi P., Tanzi E., 2010, Cracker Rotors, Editorial Springer, pages 109-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01485-7_5Cha Y., Choi W., Büyüköztürk O., Deep Learning‐Based Crack Damage Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Computer Aided Civil and Infraestructure Engineering, First published, 23 March 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12263Dunn M., Carcione A., Blanloeuil P. Veidt M., Critical Aspects of Experimental Damage Detection Methodologies Using Nonlinear Vibro-ultrasonics, Procedia Engineering, Volume 188, 2017, Page 133-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.466.Forth S. C., Newman J. C., Forman R. G., Anomalous Fatigue Crack Growth Data Generated Using the ASTM Standards, Journal of ASTM International, volumen 3, January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI13180.Genta G., 2005, Dynamics of Rotating System, editorial Springer, pages 332-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28687-XGinsberg, J.H. Mechanical and Structural Vibration: Theory and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1383673González G. N., De Angelo C. H., Forchetti D. G., Aligia D. A., Diagnostico de fallas en el convertidor del Rotor en Generadores de Inducción con Rotor Bobinado, Revista Iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial, Volumen 15, 2018, páginas 297-308, https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.9042.Krause P. C., Wasynczuk O., Sudhoff S. D., 2002, Analisys of electric machinery and drive systems, Editorial Wiley Interscience, pages 109-138. https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470544167Krishnan R., 2010, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives, Editorial CRC Press, pages 72-105.Manilla-García A., Rivas-Cambero I., Monroy-Anieva J. A., Modelado y análisis de sintonización de velocidad de un MSIP con presencia de fisura mediante algoritmos genéticos, Revista Iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial, https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9767.Xue W., Li Y., Cang S., Jia H.,Wang Z. Chaotic behavior and circuit implementation of a fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous motor model, Journal of the Franklin Institute, 20 de mayo de 2015, pages 2887-2898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.05.025.Zerbst U., Madia M., Vormwald M., Beier H.Th., Fatigue strength and fracture mechanics - A general perspective, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Volume 198, July 2018, Page 2-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.030

Comparación de técnicas analíticas usadas para la determinación de la distribución posicional de ácidos grasos en los triacilglicéridos. Relación con el punto de fusión y la dureza de la grasa de cerdo

This study was conducted to compare two of the most widely used methods for the determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids within the triacylglycerol molecules from fats of animal origin. Method A involves incubation of the triacylglycerol fraction with an aqueous suspension of the lipase enzyme, separation of the reaction products by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Method B eliminates the need for TLC. This technique makes use of the fact that methanolic-NaOH methylates only fatty acids esterified to glycerol. Our results demonstrated that method A data were in line with previous literature. Additionally, method A showed good correlations between fatty acid positional distribution and fat melting point and hardness. However, method B showed an underestimation of palmitic acid and lacked correlation with selected physical properties.Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de comparar los dos métodos más comúnmente utilizados en la determinación de la distribución posicional de ácidos grasos en las moléculas de triacilglicéridos de grasas de origen animal. El método A consiste en la incubación de los triacilglicéridos en una suspensión acuosa de la enzima lipasa, la separación de los productos por cromatografía de capa fina (TLC), y el posterior análisis de los ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos de cada fracción mediante cromatografía gas-líquido. El método B elimina la separación por TLC. Este método se basa en que la metilación básica (NaOH) únicamente metila los ácidos grasos esterificados al glicerol. Cuando analizamos grasa subcutánea de cerdo, nuestros resultados demuestran que los datos obtenidos con el método A estuvieron en concordancia con resultados publicados anteriormente. Además el método A mostró una buena correlación entre la distribución de los ácidos grasos y el punto de fusión y dureza de las grasas analizadas. Sin embargo, el método B condujo a una subestimación del ácido palmítico y a resultados carentes de correlación con las propiedades físicas citadas

Computer Vision and Metrics Learning for Hypothesis Testing: An Application of Q-Q Plot for Normality Test

This paper proposes a new procedure to construct test statistics for hypothesis testing by computer vision and metrics learning. The application highlighted in this paper is applying computer vision on Q-Q plot to construct a new test statistic for normality test. Traditionally, there are two families of approaches for verifying the probability distribution of a random variable. Researchers either subjectively assess the Q-Q plot or objectively use a mathematical formula, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, to formally conduct a normality test. Graphical assessment by human beings is not rigorous whereas normality test statistics may not be accurate enough when the uniformly most powerful test does not exist. It may take tens of years for statistician to develop a new and more powerful test statistic. The first step of the proposed method is to apply computer vision techniques, such as pre-trained ResNet, to convert a Q-Q plot into a numerical vector. Next step is to apply metric learning to find an appropriate distance function between a Q-Q plot and the centroid of all Q-Q plots under the null hypothesis, which assumes the target variable is normally distributed. This distance metric is the new test statistic for normality test. Our experimentation results show that the machine-learning-based test statistics can outperform traditional normality tests in all cases, particularly when the sample size is small. This study provides convincing evidence that the proposed method could objectively create a powerful test statistic based on Q-Q plots and this method could be modified to construct many more powerful test statistics for other applications in the future

Annama H chondrite-Mineralogy, physical properties, cosmic ray exposure, and parent body history

The fall of the Annama meteorite occurred early morning (local time) on April 19, 2014 on the Kola Peninsula (Russia). Based on mineralogy and physical properties, Annama is a typical H chondrite. It has a high Ar-Ar age of 4.4 Ga. Its cosmic ray exposure history is atypical as it is not part of the large group of H chondrites with a prominent 7-8 Ma peak in the exposure age histograms. Instead, its exposure age is within uncertainty of a smaller peak at 30 +/- 4 Ma. The results from short-lived radionuclides are compatible with an atmospheric pre-entry radius of 30-40 cm. However, based on noble gas and cosmogenic radionuclide data, Annama must have been part of a larger body (radius >65 cm) for a large part of its cosmic ray exposure history. The Be-10 concentration indicates a recent (3-5 Ma) breakup which may be responsible for the Annama parent body size reduction to 30-35 cm pre-entry radius.Peer reviewe

Nanoindenting the Chelyabinsk meteorite to learn about impact deflection effects in asteroids

The Chelyabinsk meteorite is a highly shocked, low porosity, ordinary chondrite, probably similar to S- or Q-type asteroids. Therefore, nanoindentation experiments on this meteorite allow us to obtain key data to understand the physical properties of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Tests at different length scales provide information about the local mechanical properties of the minerals forming this meteorite: reduced Young's modulus, hardness, elastic recovery, and fracture toughness. Those tests are also useful to understand the potential to deflect threatening asteroids using a kinetic projectile. We found that the differences in mechanical properties between regions of the meteorite, which increase or reduce the efficiency of impacts, are not a result of compositional differences. A low mean particle size, attributed to repetitive shock, can increase hardness, while low porosity promotes a higher momentum multiplication. Momentum multiplication is the ratio between the change in momentum of a target due to an impact, and the momentum of the projectile, and therefore higher values imply more efficient impacts. In the Chelyabinsk meteorite the properties of the light-colored lithology materials facilitate obtaining higher momentum multiplication values, compared to the other regions described for this meteorite. Also, we found a low value of fracture toughness in the shock-melt veins of Chelyabinsk, which would promote the ejection of material after an impact and therefore increase the momentum multiplication. These results are relevant in the context of a future mission to test asteroid deflection, currently being studied by ESA and NASA: the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission

Natural history of G ynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) in galls of Ficus benjamina (Rosales, Moraceae)

ABSTRACT Galls induced by thrips are simple structures when compared to those of other groups of arthropods, and little is known regarding many of their aspects. This study aimed to investigate aspects of the natural history of Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmermann, 1900 in galls of Ficus benjamina L., 1753 using seasonal sampling (summer and winter). Twenty trees were sampled and divided into quadrants. From each of them, five galls were collected, forming a total of 400 galls per collection. Thrips showed greater abundance at higher temperatures (25.7°C) and no precipitation. Sex ratio was biased towards females (0.022 males per female), pointing to an inbred mating structure. Arthropod fauna associated with galls was more abundant (N=798) in winter, and it included representatives of the orders Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera and Blattodea

NMR-detection of methylamine compounds in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) subjected to E-beam irradiation

Exudates and muscles from Atlantic salmon samples, subjected to different E-beam irradiation treatments, have been employed to monitor, through 1 H NMR analysis, the effects of irradiation dose and storage time on methylamine compounds. The three methylamines identified in the spectra, [trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and monomethylamine (MMA)], showed significant differences between non-irradiated and irradiated samples. MMA was present in all irradiated samples, and absent from non-irradiated ones. Furthermore, MMA signal intensity was well correlated with the irradiation dose applied and was stable during storage time. Therefore, MMA could be an effective indicator of irradiation in samples of salmon